बालबालिकमा मनोबैज्ञानिक बिचलन(child mental disorder in nepal)

afnafnLsfdf dgf]j}1flgs ljrng

       afnjflnsfsf] afgL ;'wfg{ cleefjssf] 7'nf] xft x'G5 . afn aflnsfn] u/]sf] /fd|f] sfdnfO{ k|f]T;fxg (positive Reinforcement) lbg] / g/fd|f] s'/fnfO{ /f]Sg] pkfP l;sfpg] ugf{n] eljiodf /fd|f] o'jsdf kl/0ft u/fpg ;xof]u k'/\ofp5 . o; afx]s Personality factor -JolQmTjsf]_ klg s]lx e"ldsf /x]sf] xG5 . afnaflnsfsf] afgL / cleefjssf] lhDd]jf/L gldNbf Faulty learning (unt l;sfO{) x'g hfG5 . To:t} :s'nsf] lzIfssf] klg plQs} 7"nf] e"ldsf 5 /fd|f] afgL j;fNgdf . afn aflnsfn] unt sfd u/]klg cleefjsn] 9fs5f]k (Over-protective) ubf{ g/fd|f] s'/f ug]{ s'/fdf k|f]T;fxg ldN5 . To:t} afn aflnsfn] u/]sf] /fd|f] sfddf cleefjs :ofaf;L (positive Reinforcement) glbbf klg g/fd|f] s'/f ug{ k|f]T;fxg ldN5, To;}n] cleefjsn] o:tf dgf]j}1flgs s'/f a'emg' h?/L 5 . o;jfx]s afn aflnsfdf ljleGg vfnsf dgf]j}1flgs ;d:ofx? x'G5g.

!= j9L l/;fpg] (Temper Tentrums)– sf]lx jfnaflnsfx? %=^ jif{df j9L l/;fpg] klN6g] u5{g h'g ;fwf/0f xf] . t/ of] /lx/x]df o;n] ;d:of Nofp5 . cleefjsn] l/;fpg] afgL 36fpg] k|rng ug'{ k5{ . To;f] egP kl5 uP/ o;n] dgf]j}1flgs ;d:of Nofpg ;S5 . o:tf] ;d:of /lx/x]df ;DjlGwt ljif]z1sf] ;Nnfx lng' k5{ .

@= lgb|f u8j9 x'g] ;d:of -Sleep problems_— aRrfx? /flt g;'Tg] lbp;f] ;'Tg], lgb|fdf p7]/ lx8\g] lgb|fdf cToflws 8/fpg] ;d:of kfOG5 .

#= vfg] ;d:of (Feeding problems)— sf]lx jfnsflnsf u'lnof] dfq ?rfpg] u5{g . sf]xL s'g} j:t'   vfg k6Ss} ?rfpFb}gg\ . o;jfx]s sf]lx afn aflnsf df6f], 9'Ëf, sfuh vfg] kgL x'G5 . o:tf jRrfx?df /Qm cNktf ePsf] x'g ;S5 .

$= cToflws 8/fpg] ;d:of -Phobia_— afnaflnsf clncln 8/fpg' :jefljs g} xf] . t/ cToflws 8/fpg' Ps dgf]j}1flgs ;d:of xf] . 8/fpg] j:t';+u lj:tf/} 3'nd]n ubf{ of] ;d:of 36\5 .

%= l8k|];g -Depression_— slxn]sfFxL afnaflnsfdf l8k|]zg /f]u b]lvG5 . vf;u/L l/;fpg], lj;{g], k]6 b'Vg], /f]O/xg], j9L lgb|f nfUg] cflb nIf0f b]lvG5 .

^= :s"n hfg gdfGg] -School refusal_— sltko afnaflnsf :s'n hfg gdfGg], k]6 b'Vg], 6fpsf] b'Vg], jfGtf ug]{ of] dgf]j}1flgs sf/0fn] ePsf] xf] . :s"n hfg gdfGg] sf/0f lzIfs b]lv 8/fpg', ;fyLefO{n] s'6\g', gofF :s"ndf egf{x'g' OToflb k5{g

&= clgoldt lkzfj x'g] -Fuctioanl eneuresis_— % jif{ eGbf sd pd]/df afnaflnsfn] lkzfj lgoGq0f ug{ g;Sg' ;fdfGo xf] t/ % jif{ j9L  pd]/df klg of] ;d:of /xof] eg] To;sf] pkrf/ ug'{ k5{ .

*= lb;f 5'6\g' -Fanctional encopresis_— afnaflnsfx?df $ jif{ eO;s]kl5 klg lb;f 5'6\g] ePdf To;sf] pkrf/ u/fpg' k5{ .

(= ;fdflhs lgod pNËg ug]{ -Conduct disorder_ — sf]lx afnaflnsf tf]8kmf]8 ug]{, rf]g]{, em'6f] jf]Ng], c6]/L x'g], s'6lk6 ug]{, :s'njf6 efUg], ;fdfg km'6fO{lbg] cflb ;d:of b]lvG5 . o;nfO{ conduet disorder -;fdflhs lgod pNËg ug]{_ elgG5 .

!)= j9\tf 5's5's ug]{ -Hyperkinatic disorders_— sf]lx afnaflnsf j9\tf 5's 5's u5{g\ . s'g} sfddf Psfu| eP/ nfUg ;Sb}gg\ . lolgx? dgdf h] cfof] Tolx u5{g, vt/f ;+u v]N5g . sltk6s  b'3{6gf kg]{ ;Defjgf /xG5 .

!!= ljif]z AolQm, ;+u gjf]Ng] -Elective mutism_— s]lx jfnjflnsf 3/df ;j} ;+u jf]Ng] t/ :s"ndf s]lx gjf]Ng] u5{g\ . sf]lx s;};+u dfq af]N5g\ c? ;+u jf]Nb}gg\ . o;nfO{ Elective mutism       -ljz]if JolQm ;+u gjf]Ng] elgG5_ .

!@= esesfpg] -Stammaring_— sf]lx afnaflnsf esesfO af]Ng] u5{g . of] ;fOsf]nf]lgsn sf/0fn] ePsf] x'G5 . sf]lx 8/fpgfn] o:tf] ePsf] x'G5 .

!#= 5f/] /f]u -Epilepsy_— afnaflnsfdf xftv'§f s8f x'g] sfDg], d'vdf lkm+h cfpg] / n8\g] 5f/] /f]u x'G5 . d'vdf lkm+h cfp5 . s'g} jRrfx? !, @ ldg]6 6f]nfO{ j:g], xft v'§f rnfpg g;Sg] /f]u b]lvG5 . of] klg Ps 5f/] /f]u xf] .

!$= Converion - Dissociative disorder -sGe{;g l8;f]l;Pl6e l8;cf]8/_— kxn] o:tf] ;d:ofnfO{ lx:6]l/of elgG5 . ;'?df sfDg], jfSg], gjf]Ng], xftv§f kmfNg], slxn] :jf :jf ug]{ cflb klg of] /f]usf] nIf0f xf] .

!% ;':t dgl:ylt -Mental Retardation_— jfnaflnsfsf] pd]/ j[l4 eP cg';f/ a'l4 ljsf; gx'g'nfO{ Mental retardotion -;':t dgl:ytL_ elgG5 . o:tf afnaflnsfnfO{ c?n] eGbf km/s lsl;dn] l;sfpg' k5{ . pgsf] j'l4 cg';f/sf] sfd lbg' k5{ .

pkrf/

• afnaflnsfsf] ;d:ofsf] jf/] /f]usf] klxrfg ug{ ;DjlGwt 8fS6/sf] k/fdz{ lng] .
• afnafnLsf] afgL ;'wf{g k|f]T;fxg -Positive reinforcement_ lbg] .
• sfplG;lnª, ;fOsf]y]/fkL / sltko /f]udf cf}iflwsf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
• jRrfdf x'g] l8k|];gsf]nfO{ -Antidepressant_ PlG6l8k|];]G6 cf}iflw sf] k|of]uaf6 kmfObf x'G5 .
• 5f/] /f]usf]nflu cf}iflw $ jif{ ;Dd v'jfpg' kg]{ x'G5 .

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