Abstract
Headache is one of the commonest symptoms in the
general population as well as in the medical practice. The present work was
undertaken with the aim to study socio- demographic profile of patients
suffering from headache who presented in psychiatry OPD of College of Medical
Science Bharatpur, Chitwan over a six months period. This study shows that
among the 92 patients, tension headache was found to be highest number
i.e.(N-65, 70.65% ) followed by migraine headache(N-16,17.39 %).Other causes of
headache includes sinusitis(N-6, 6.52%), depressive disorder (N-5, 4.35%),
trigeminal neuralgia (N-1, 1.09 %) and hypertension (N-1, 1.09%) .Female had a
(N-62, 67.39%) higher perdition than male.
Introduction
Headache is one of the most common symptoms that
doctor evaluate. Morden description of headache began in the 1800s.In 1998; the
International Headache Society published a new classification that included
research diagnostic criteria for different headaches. That system is reported
to occur in more than 70% of the total population. Women have been found to be
affected slightly more often than men1. Majority of headaches
are caused by tension headaches, migraine, cluster headaches and other rare
types. An epidemiological study using ICD-10 criteria found that of the persons
surveyed who had headache, 82% had tension headache and 16% had migraine. A
community based prevalence study in Malaysia revealed prevalence of migraine as
9% and tension headache 26.5 % 2. The prevalence of headache was
found to be lower in Saudi Arabia and a possible relation to socio-demographic
factors has been suggested3. Headaches have been associated with
work impairment in many studies. In a prospective study the patients attending
headache clinic of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, it was found that most
of patients were in the age group 21-30 years in which 62% were females1.
The study also revealed that tension headache comprises the larger bulk of
total headache cases.
Material
and methods
The aim of the study was the socio demographic
characteristic profiles of the patients with migraine and tension headache
attending department of psychiatry over a period of one year. The subjects comprised of all consecutive patients
psychiatric department of CMS Teaching Hospital Bharatpur over a period of
January 1st 2004 to June 30th 2004.. Diagnosis was
made according to ICD10 criteria.
Results
A total of 1039
patients attended the psychiatric OPD during study period, out of which
headache cases were (N 92, 8.85%). Among
them tension headache was the highest number i.e. (N-65, 70.65%) followed by
migraine headache (N-16,17.39%).Other causes of headache includes sinusitis
(N-6, 6.52%), depressive disorder (N-5, 4.35%), trigeminal neuralgia(N-1,1.09%)
and hypertension ( N-1,1.09%) .Female had a higher prediction (N-62 ,67.39%). Data shows highest numbers of cases
were of age group 31-40 (N-28, 30.43%) followed by 21-30 (N-27, 29.35%). Data
shows highest numbers of cases were married (N-12, 86.61%). Data shows that the
majority of patients were Hindu (N-11, 78.57 %) and on the basis of occupation
most of cases were farmers (N-8, 57.14 %).
Table-1
Distribution on the basis of age group
|
AGE GROUP
|
MALE
|
FEMALE
|
TOTAL
|
%
|
|
11-20
|
4
|
13
|
17
|
18.48
|
|
21-30
|
6
|
21
|
27
|
29.35
|
|
31-40
|
9
|
19
|
28
|
30.43
|
|
41-50
|
6
|
3
|
9
|
9.78
|
|
51-60
|
3
|
4
|
7
|
7.61
|
|
61-70
|
2
|
2
|
4
|
4.35
|
|
TOTAL
|
30
|
62
|
92
|
100
|
Data shows highest number of cases were age
group 31-40 (N-28, 30.43%) followed by 21-30 (N-27, 29.35%).
Table-2
Distribution on the basis of marital status
|
MARITAL
STATUS
|
N
|
%
|
|
MARRIED
|
62
|
67.39%
|
|
UNMARRIED
|
25
|
27.17%
|
|
WIDOW
|
4
|
4.35%
|
|
TOTAL
|
92
|
100%
|
Data shows highest number of cases were married
(N-62, 67.39%).
Table 3
Distribution on the basis of religion
|
|
|
|
|
RELIGION
|
N
|
%
|
|
HINDU
|
71
|
78.57%
|
|
BUDDHIST
|
11
|
21.43%
|
|
CHRISTIAN
|
0
|
0%
|
|
TOTAL
|
92
|
100%
|
Data shows highest number of patients was
Hindu (N-71, 78.57 %).
Table 4
Distribution on the basis of occupation
|
|
|
|
|
OCCUPATION
|
N
|
%
|
|
FARMER
|
53
|
57.61%
|
|
LABOURER
|
8
|
8.69%
|
|
SERVICE HOLDER
|
12
|
13.04%
|
|
UNEMPLOYED
|
7
|
7.60%
|
|
HOUSEWIFE
|
6
|
6.45%
|
|
BUSINESSMAN
|
6
|
6.45%
|
|
TOTAL
|
92
|
100%
|
Data shows distribution on the basis of
occupation, most of cases were farmers (N-53, 57.61 %)
Table-5
Distribution on the basis of types of
headache
|
TYPES OF HEADACHE
|
MALE
|
FEMALE
|
TOTAL
|
%
|
|
TENSION HEADACHE
|
23
|
42
|
65
|
70.65
|
|
MIGRAINE
|
4
|
12
|
16
|
17.39
|
|
SINUSITIS
|
1
|
5
|
6
|
6.52
|
|
TRIGIMINAL NEURALGIA
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1.09
|
|
DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
|
2
|
2
|
4
|
4.35
|
|
HYPERTENSION
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
1.09
|
|
TOTAL
|
30
|
63
|
92
|
100
|
Data shows highest number of cases were
tension headache (N-65, 70.65%), followed by migraine headache (N-16, 17.39%).
Discussion
Tension headache emerged as the most common type of
headache in this study. Although it was a hospital-based study, the diagnostic
distribution is similar to a community study in which tension headache was
found to present in 82 % among headache cases reported earlier2.
Female preponderance in this study is similar to the study of headache patients.
In people in their third and fourth decade of life (31-40) years1-3.
Married people were found to be suffering more than
others. Other causes of headache include migraine (N-16, 17.39%) sinusitis (N-6,
6.52%) depressive disorder (N-4,4. 35%) trigeminal neuralgia (N-1, 1.09%) and
hypertension (N-1, 1.09%) Studies had clearly implicated headache to the loss
of working hours. Although no such study has been conducted in our country, it
is not difficult to make an inference that headache probably costs similarly in
our community as well. However, as the diagnostic distribution and other
profile of headache may be influenced by socio-cultural factors, a community
based study of headache should be implemented.
References
1.
Sharma, V.D. Headache:
A prospective study. Journal of institute of medicine, .1998,20,(1&2),
46-53.
2.
Singer, E. J. Neuropsychiatric
aspect of Headache. In Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry, Vol-1, Edn
6 (eds) Kaplan, H.I & Sadock , B.J Baltinore: Williams & Wilkins,1994,
251.
3.
Regmi, S.K., Nepal,
M.K. A socio- demographic study of patients with headache attending general
hospital psychiatry OPD. The Nepalese journal of psychiatry 2000,2,,125-128.
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